AITKEN, Robert Ingersoll (1878-1949) sculptor, medalist.
Born San Francisco, California, 8 May 1878.
Opened his own studio at 18. Executed McKinley monument,
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Three busts in Hall of
Fame (but died before he could do any of the Hall of Fame
medals): Daniel Webster (1926), Benjamin Franklin (1927),
and Henry Clay (1929). His statue of Zeus in Brookgreen
Gardens. Did statues for buildings as well. Created the
Elizabeth Watrous Medal in 1916 for the National Academy
of Design, an award he won in 1921.
Famed among numismatists for creating three United States
commemorative coins including Panama-Pacific $50 gold
(the only such coin in two shapes, round, octagon).
Numismatists early criticized the design for its subject's
lack of "American influence" (AJN, 1916) but later was
more praiseworthy (A15 {1971} Vermeule, p 136). Also his
1915 Pan-Pacific Exposition Medal chosen and illustrated
as #79 in the 100 Greatest American Medals and Tokens.
Awarded the Elisabeth Watrous Medal for Sculpture 1944
(Aitken’s gold medal now in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts,
accession number 1984.747).
Signed models RA in back-to-back monogram and initials.
Fellow, president and member of the faculty: National
Academy of Design, New York City (1919-1934).
Fellow, president National Sculpture Society.
Member National Institute of Arts and Letters.
Member Art Commission Associates of New York City.
Died New York City, 3 January 1949.
C O I N S
1915 Panama-Pacific International Expo Fifty-Dollar
Gold Piece (octagon & round) . . . . . . . . Breen 7439-7440,
KM 138, KM 139
Exhibited: National Academy of Design AE5 (1915) no. 81
Illustrated: The Numismatist P2 {1915} 28:7 (July) p. . 259
Illustrated: M57 {2007} Jaeger-Bowers, 100 Greatest, p 90
1921 Missouri Centennial Half Dollar . . . . . . . . Breen 7450-7451,
KM 149
1935-36 San Diego California-Pacific International
Exposition Half Dollar. . . . . . . . Breen 7516-1517, KM 171
R E L I E F S
1909 See No Evil, Speak No Evil, Hear No Evil Plaque. . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . J&J 27:750; PCA 52:426, PCA 61:389,
PCA 63:406, PCA 65:489, PCA 70:700, PCA 80:410,
PCA 81:515-516[2sizes]
Sale pricelist: PCA 2:7 (1 October 2011) AU . . . . . . . $225
Auction: Rago Art & Auction (12 May 2012) [3/3] lot .273
1924 Friedsam (Michael) Relief (model for medal, see below)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture . . . . . . IAS 61570101
Collection: Hirshhorn Museum & Gar Sculpture. . . . . ..83.4
1925ca Eckfeldt (Jacob B.) Plaque. . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: NSS Exhibition AE8 {1929} Catalog, page . .
M E D A L S E R I E S
Society of Medalists:
Born San Francisco, California, 8 May 1878.
Opened his own studio at 18. Executed McKinley monument,
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Three busts in Hall of
Fame (but died before he could do any of the Hall of Fame
medals): Daniel Webster (1926), Benjamin Franklin (1927),
and Henry Clay (1929). His statue of Zeus in Brookgreen
Gardens. Did statues for buildings as well. Created the
Elizabeth Watrous Medal in 1916 for the National Academy
of Design, an award he won in 1921.
Famed among numismatists for creating three United States
commemorative coins including Panama-Pacific $50 gold
(the only such coin in two shapes, round, octagon).
Numismatists early criticized the design for its subject's
lack of "American influence" (AJN, 1916) but later was
more praiseworthy (A15 {1971} Vermeule, p 136). Also his
1915 Pan-Pacific Exposition Medal chosen and illustrated
as #79 in the 100 Greatest American Medals and Tokens.
Awarded the Elisabeth Watrous Medal for Sculpture 1944
(Aitken’s gold medal now in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts,
accession number 1984.747).
Signed models RA in back-to-back monogram and initials.
Fellow, president and member of the faculty: National
Academy of Design, New York City (1919-1934).
Fellow, president National Sculpture Society.
Member National Institute of Arts and Letters.
Member Art Commission Associates of New York City.
Died New York City, 3 January 1949.
C O I N S
1915 Panama-Pacific International Expo Fifty-Dollar
Gold Piece (octagon & round) . . . . . . . . Breen 7439-7440,
KM 138, KM 139
Exhibited: National Academy of Design AE5 (1915) no. 81
Illustrated: The Numismatist P2 {1915} 28:7 (July) p. . 259
Illustrated: M57 {2007} Jaeger-Bowers, 100 Greatest, p 90
1921 Missouri Centennial Half Dollar . . . . . . . . Breen 7450-7451,
KM 149
1935-36 San Diego California-Pacific International
Exposition Half Dollar. . . . . . . . Breen 7516-1517, KM 171
R E L I E F S
1909 See No Evil, Speak No Evil, Hear No Evil Plaque. . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . J&J 27:750; PCA 52:426, PCA 61:389,
PCA 63:406, PCA 65:489, PCA 70:700, PCA 80:410,
PCA 81:515-516[2sizes]
Sale pricelist: PCA 2:7 (1 October 2011) AU . . . . . . . $225
Auction: Rago Art & Auction (12 May 2012) [3/3] lot .273
1924 Friedsam (Michael) Relief (model for medal, see below)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture . . . . . . IAS 61570101
Collection: Hirshhorn Museum & Gar Sculpture. . . . . ..83.4
1925ca Eckfeldt (Jacob B.) Plaque. . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: NSS Exhibition AE8 {1929} Catalog, page . .
M E D A L S E R I E S
Society of Medalists:
1937 Society of Medalists 15th Issue . . . . . . . . MAco 1930-001-015
Auctions:. . . . . . . . CAL 30:15, CAL 31:5-6, CAL 33:3015,
CAL 35:2015; J&J 7:421, J&J 9:388; PCA 45:296,
PCA 48:1459, PCA 49:1214, PCA 52:1459, PCA 55:299,
PCA 58:1829, PCA 63:1685, PCA 68:1633, PCA 69:1672,
PCA 74:607, PCA 70:1295, PCA 80:1590, PCA 84:966
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture [>1] . IAS 76008793
Collection: American Numismatic Society 0000.999.44574
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . . . . 4
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . 37.112.1
Collection: Smithsonian Am Art Museum. . . . 1972.167.22
Exhibited: AF6 {1955} F.I.D.E.M. Stockholm (1955). . . . 1
Illustrated: M68 {2012} Alexander. Am Art Medals, p . . 76
Auctions:. . . . . . . . CAL 30:15, CAL 31:5-6, CAL 33:3015,
CAL 35:2015; J&J 7:421, J&J 9:388; PCA 45:296,
PCA 48:1459, PCA 49:1214, PCA 52:1459, PCA 55:299,
PCA 58:1829, PCA 63:1685, PCA 68:1633, PCA 69:1672,
PCA 74:607, PCA 70:1295, PCA 80:1590, PCA 84:966
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture [>1] . IAS 76008793
Collection: American Numismatic Society 0000.999.44574
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . . . . 4
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . 37.112.1
Collection: Smithsonian Am Art Museum. . . . 1972.167.22
Exhibited: AF6 {1955} F.I.D.E.M. Stockholm (1955). . . . 1
Illustrated: M68 {2012} Alexander. Am Art Medals, p . . 76
1914 Milwaukee Art Institute Medal. . . . . . . . . . . .MAco 1931-013
1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition Medal (struck by U.S. Mint on
the Expo grounds in San Francisco). . . . . . . . . . Baxter 113,
HK 399, HK 400, HK 401, Swoger 21
Auctions:. . .BMP 1:4149, BMP 1:4163, BMP 2:6061-6062;
CAL 35:638; J&J 7:224-225, J&J 9:635, J&J 9:1210-1216,
J&J 11:395, J&J 19:306; NAS 65:2217, NAS 72:1056;
PCA 42:712-713, PCA 43:256, PCA 43:928, PCA 44:1397,
PCA 45:1162-1164, PCA 46:814-816, PCA 48:974-977,
PCA 49:811-816, PCA 50:902-905, PCA 51:653-654,
PCA 52:946-947, PCA 53:1094-1095, PCA 54:1457-1458,
PCA 55:800, PCA 56:1221-1223, PCA 57:1265-1268,
PCA 58:1095-1097, PCA 60:967, PCA 61:734-438,
PCA 64:1490-1494, PCA 65:979, PCA 67:627,
PCA 69:1173-1174, PCA 70:1027, PCA 80:188
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] . . 1915.80.1
Collection: Newark Museum New Jersey [>1]. .25.1397.218
Exhibited: Pan-Pacific Expo AE9 {1915} Art cat 1391-1392
Exhibited: Art Institute Chicago AE2 (1916) model 311-312
Exhibited: Art Institute Chicago AE2 (1916) medal 325-326
Illustrated: P2 The Numismatist 28:4 (April 1915) page 143
Illustrated: M57 {2007} Jaeger-Bowers, 100 Greatest. . #79
Illustrated: M59 {2008} Hoffman (et al), So-Called Dol p 75
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 72-73
Illustrated: P2 {2012} Shevlin-Hyder. Faran Zerbe p . .34-40
1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition Medal (struck by U.S. Mint on
the Expo grounds in San Francisco). . . . . . . . . . Baxter 113,
HK 399, HK 400, HK 401, Swoger 21
Auctions:. . .BMP 1:4149, BMP 1:4163, BMP 2:6061-6062;
CAL 35:638; J&J 7:224-225, J&J 9:635, J&J 9:1210-1216,
J&J 11:395, J&J 19:306; NAS 65:2217, NAS 72:1056;
PCA 42:712-713, PCA 43:256, PCA 43:928, PCA 44:1397,
PCA 45:1162-1164, PCA 46:814-816, PCA 48:974-977,
PCA 49:811-816, PCA 50:902-905, PCA 51:653-654,
PCA 52:946-947, PCA 53:1094-1095, PCA 54:1457-1458,
PCA 55:800, PCA 56:1221-1223, PCA 57:1265-1268,
PCA 58:1095-1097, PCA 60:967, PCA 61:734-438,
PCA 64:1490-1494, PCA 65:979, PCA 67:627,
PCA 69:1173-1174, PCA 70:1027, PCA 80:188
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] . . 1915.80.1
Collection: Newark Museum New Jersey [>1]. .25.1397.218
Exhibited: Pan-Pacific Expo AE9 {1915} Art cat 1391-1392
Exhibited: Art Institute Chicago AE2 (1916) model 311-312
Exhibited: Art Institute Chicago AE2 (1916) medal 325-326
Illustrated: P2 The Numismatist 28:4 (April 1915) page 143
Illustrated: M57 {2007} Jaeger-Bowers, 100 Greatest. . #79
Illustrated: M59 {2008} Hoffman (et al), So-Called Dol p 75
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 72-73
Illustrated: P2 {2012} Shevlin-Hyder. Faran Zerbe p . .34-40
1916 National Academy of Design Elisabeth Watrous Medal
(first name misspelled, full name: Elizabeth Snowden
Nicholas Watrous--never corrected) [dates/issued:
1961-date) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . MAco 1916-005
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 66:436
Collection: American Numismatic Society. 1940.100.1959
Exhibited: Art Institute Chicago AE2 (1920) no. . . . . . .167
Exhibited: National Academy of Design AE5 (1919) no .21
Exhibited: NSS Exhibition AE8 {1929} Catalog, page . .
Illustrated: National Sculpture Soc AE8 {1923} page . 269
1919 American Expeditionary Forces Statue of Liberty
Medal (open rev reserve for inscribing) . . . . . . . . Lajoie xx
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 65:509
(first name misspelled, full name: Elizabeth Snowden
Nicholas Watrous--never corrected) [dates/issued:
1961-date) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . MAco 1916-005
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 66:436
Collection: American Numismatic Society. 1940.100.1959
Exhibited: Art Institute Chicago AE2 (1920) no. . . . . . .167
Exhibited: National Academy of Design AE5 (1919) no .21
Exhibited: NSS Exhibition AE8 {1929} Catalog, page . .
Illustrated: National Sculpture Soc AE8 {1923} page . 269
1919 American Expeditionary Forces Statue of Liberty
Medal (open rev reserve for inscribing) . . . . . . . . Lajoie xx
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 65:509
1921 Foch (Marshall Ferinand) Visit To America
Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Johnson 38, MAco 1921-006
Auctions:. . . . . CAL 31:4, CAL 35:841; PCA 45:362-363,
PCA 46:267-268, PCA 49:480, PCA 49:1292,
PCA 50:407, PCA 53:393, PCA 56:350, PCA 74:685,
PCA 78:460, PCA 80:1688, PCA 82:391-392,
PCA 84:378-379
Collection: American Numismatic Soc [>1 0000.999.4468
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . . . 5
Illustrated: P2 The Numismatist 35:1 (January 1922) p . .25
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Art in America, p . . 142
Illustrated: P3 Coin World 53:2726 (9 July 20`1) p . . . . .56
Sale pricelist: PCA 9:3 (4 November 2011) unc. . . . . .$275
Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Johnson 38, MAco 1921-006
Auctions:. . . . . CAL 31:4, CAL 35:841; PCA 45:362-363,
PCA 46:267-268, PCA 49:480, PCA 49:1292,
PCA 50:407, PCA 53:393, PCA 56:350, PCA 74:685,
PCA 78:460, PCA 80:1688, PCA 82:391-392,
PCA 84:378-379
Collection: American Numismatic Soc [>1 0000.999.4468
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . . . 5
Illustrated: P2 The Numismatist 35:1 (January 1922) p . .25
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Art in America, p . . 142
Illustrated: P3 Coin World 53:2726 (9 July 20`1) p . . . . .56
Sale pricelist: PCA 9:3 (4 November 2011) unc. . . . . .$275
1924 Friedsam (Michael) Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1924-011
Exhibited: NSS Exhibition AE8 {1929} Catalog, page . . 9
1928 New York Central System Valor Medal. . . . MAco 1928-020
Exhibited: NSS Exhibition AE8 {1929} Catalog, page . . 9
1928 New York Central System Valor Medal. . . . MAco 1928-020
1929 National Academy of Design President's
Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1929-063
Auctions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J&J 18:248; PCA 69:397
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . 1940.100.1958
Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1929-063
Auctions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J&J 18:248; PCA 69:397
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . 1940.100.1958
1929 Sun Yat-Sen Medal (modeled by Aitken, dies recut by
Franz Eue to Chinese Ambassador's approval; touted by
new Medllic Art Co owner Clyde Trees for the quick time
turn around to produce this medal for shipping to
China) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAco 1929-065
Auctions:. . . . . . . .. CAL 35:2596; J&J 12:21; PCA 65:520
Illustrated: The Numismatist 42:4 (April 1929) page . .. 238
R E S T R I K S & R E I S S U E S
1976 Coca-Cola Slug Replica Convention Medal (Athenian owl
and Minerva modeled after Aitken’s 1915 Pan Am’s
Expo Medal, above). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .PCA 78:1344
S C U L P T U R E
1924 Jefferson (Thomas) Bust (Hall of Fame for Great Americans)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . IAS 76003110
1926 Webster (Daniel) Bust (Hall of Fame for Great Americans)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . .IAS 76003111
1927 Franklin (Benjamin) Bust (Hall of Fame for Great Americans)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . .IAS 76003112
1929 Clay (Henry) Franklin Bust (for Hall of Fame for Great
Americans) . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . .IAS 76003113
1926 Phillip (John W.) Memorial Tablet (portrait relief of
this Rear Admiral 1840-1900). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture . . . . . . IAS75005883
A R C H I V E S
AAA Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 199 items on microfilm reel 1027.
IAS Inventory of American Sculpture (oneline).
C O L L E C T I O N S
C8 {1965} Gardner, p 136-137.
C14 {1996} Marqusee 4-5, p 1, (bio) 89.
B I O G R A P I C A L R E F E R E N C E S
D3 {1911} Benezit (1999 14ed), 1:125.
D5 {1915} Earle, p 23-24.
D8 {1926} Fielding, p 3 [misspelled Aiken], 4, 436.
BA {1937} Who's Who In American Art: 1937 [1ed:12], 1939 [2ed:14], 1941 [3ed:17], 1947 [4ed:19].
BE {1943} Webster's Biographical Dict, p 19.
P30 {1949} New York Times (4 January) 19:1, obit.
B2 {1950} Who Was Who, p 17.
A18 {1974} Goode, passim.
D32 {1982} Oakland Museum, p 20.
E17 {1983} Pessolano-Filos, p 4.
A31 {1983} Evert, p 389.
BF1 {1985} Falk, p 6.
AEB{1986} American Figurative Sculpture, p 363.
D33 {1986} Opitz, p 8-9.
AE1 {1988} Falk, 2:65, 3:64.
AE2 {1990} Art Institute of Chicago, p 54.
AE5 {1990} National Academy of Design, p 50.
BF2 {1999} Falk. Who Was Who in American Art, p 1:69.
PA1 {1999} Schmidt, p 2:763.
D3a {2006} Benezit. Dictionary of Artists, 1:194.
N U M I S M A T I C R E F E R E N C E S
E3 {1902-30} Forrer 7:9, 8:308.
F4 {1922} Medal Commemorating the Visit of Marshal Foch to the United States By Robert Aitken.
American Magazine of Art 13:1 (January 1922) p 25.
AE8 {1923} NSS Exhibit Catalog, pp 5, 351.
E6 {1927} Trees (Clyde Curlee) Medallic Art in Commerce, Civics, Philanthropy, Letters and Science.
New York: Medallic Art Company (1927) 39 pages.
Px {1929} The China Weekly Review (May 25) 48:13 p 572.
AE6 {1929} NSS Exhibit Catalog, p 6-9 (bio).
R6 {1950ca}Weil. Unpublished Mss. (Aitken prepares models for Sun Yat-Sen medals in record time.)
AF6 {1955} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 6th Congress Stockholm (1955) 1, p 17.
N10 {1958} Adelson, p 224.
P20 {1964} Ettl (Alex J.) Robert I. Aitken, Eighth President. National Sculpture Review
(Winter 1964-65).
N16 {1967} Taxay, p 24-32 (Panama-Pacific Expo), 52-58 (Missouri Centennial), 172-174
(California-Pacific Expo).
A13 {1968} Proske, 142-144, (biblio) 518.
A15 {1971} Vermeule, p 136-190.
S34 {1972} Johnson (Medals of ANS) 38.
M42 {1987} Baxter 113 p 39.
O12 {1988} Breen 7439-7440, p 585; 7450-7451 588; 7516-7517 596.
MA1 {1988} Stahl (Alan M., editor) The Medal in America. ∙ Joseph Veach Noble
"The Society of Medalists" & Circle of Friends of Medallion, pp 223-247.
N30 {1991} Bowers. Commemorative Coins, p 691-692 (bio).
N31 {1992} Smith. American Numismatic Biographies, p 13.
A42 {1993} Reynolds, 34-37, 233.
N36 {2002} Bowers, p 369-378 (Panama-Pacific $50 gold).
N37 {2005} Burdette. Renaissance of American Coinage, p 2, passim; 3:48, 195-197, 235
M57 {2007} Jaeger (Katherine) and Bowers (Q. David) 100 Greatest American Medals and Tokens.
1915 Pan-Pacific Exposition Medal listed as #79, p 90.
N39 {2008} Moran (Michael F.) Striking Change; The Great Artistic Collaboration of Theodore Roosevelt
and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, p 353.
M59 {2008} Hoffman (et al) So-Called Dollars, 2nd edition, p 74-75.
M62 {2008} Swoger, National Commemorative Medals, 21, p 70-73.
M68 {2012} Alexander (David Thompson) American Art Medals, 1909-1995;
The Circle of Friends of Medallion and the Society of Medalists, p 76-77.
P3 {2012} Alexander (David Thompson) The Medals of Robert I. Aitken,
ANS Medal Shows Marshal Foch Coin World 53:2726 (9 July 2012) p 56.
P2 {2012} Shevlin (Jeff) and Hyder (William D.) Crative Marketing, Farran Zerbe;
The Mint & The 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition Medal The Numismatist
125:8 (August 2012) p 34-40, illus, (color photo 8 medal finishes, p 38)
Franz Eue to Chinese Ambassador's approval; touted by
new Medllic Art Co owner Clyde Trees for the quick time
turn around to produce this medal for shipping to
China) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAco 1929-065
Auctions:. . . . . . . .. CAL 35:2596; J&J 12:21; PCA 65:520
Illustrated: The Numismatist 42:4 (April 1929) page . .. 238
R E S T R I K S & R E I S S U E S
1976 Coca-Cola Slug Replica Convention Medal (Athenian owl
and Minerva modeled after Aitken’s 1915 Pan Am’s
Expo Medal, above). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .PCA 78:1344
S C U L P T U R E
1924 Jefferson (Thomas) Bust (Hall of Fame for Great Americans)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . IAS 76003110
1926 Webster (Daniel) Bust (Hall of Fame for Great Americans)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . .IAS 76003111
1927 Franklin (Benjamin) Bust (Hall of Fame for Great Americans)
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . .IAS 76003112
1929 Clay (Henry) Franklin Bust (for Hall of Fame for Great
Americans) . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture. . . . . . .IAS 76003113
1926 Phillip (John W.) Memorial Tablet (portrait relief of
this Rear Admiral 1840-1900). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Archives: Inventory of Am Sculpture . . . . . . IAS75005883
A R C H I V E S
AAA Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 199 items on microfilm reel 1027.
IAS Inventory of American Sculpture (oneline).
C O L L E C T I O N S
C8 {1965} Gardner, p 136-137.
C14 {1996} Marqusee 4-5, p 1, (bio) 89.
B I O G R A P I C A L R E F E R E N C E S
D3 {1911} Benezit (1999 14ed), 1:125.
D5 {1915} Earle, p 23-24.
D8 {1926} Fielding, p 3 [misspelled Aiken], 4, 436.
BA {1937} Who's Who In American Art: 1937 [1ed:12], 1939 [2ed:14], 1941 [3ed:17], 1947 [4ed:19].
BE {1943} Webster's Biographical Dict, p 19.
P30 {1949} New York Times (4 January) 19:1, obit.
B2 {1950} Who Was Who, p 17.
A18 {1974} Goode, passim.
D32 {1982} Oakland Museum, p 20.
E17 {1983} Pessolano-Filos, p 4.
A31 {1983} Evert, p 389.
BF1 {1985} Falk, p 6.
AEB{1986} American Figurative Sculpture, p 363.
D33 {1986} Opitz, p 8-9.
AE1 {1988} Falk, 2:65, 3:64.
AE2 {1990} Art Institute of Chicago, p 54.
AE5 {1990} National Academy of Design, p 50.
BF2 {1999} Falk. Who Was Who in American Art, p 1:69.
PA1 {1999} Schmidt, p 2:763.
D3a {2006} Benezit. Dictionary of Artists, 1:194.
N U M I S M A T I C R E F E R E N C E S
E3 {1902-30} Forrer 7:9, 8:308.
F4 {1922} Medal Commemorating the Visit of Marshal Foch to the United States By Robert Aitken.
American Magazine of Art 13:1 (January 1922) p 25.
AE8 {1923} NSS Exhibit Catalog, pp 5, 351.
E6 {1927} Trees (Clyde Curlee) Medallic Art in Commerce, Civics, Philanthropy, Letters and Science.
New York: Medallic Art Company (1927) 39 pages.
Px {1929} The China Weekly Review (May 25) 48:13 p 572.
AE6 {1929} NSS Exhibit Catalog, p 6-9 (bio).
R6 {1950ca}Weil. Unpublished Mss. (Aitken prepares models for Sun Yat-Sen medals in record time.)
AF6 {1955} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 6th Congress Stockholm (1955) 1, p 17.
N10 {1958} Adelson, p 224.
P20 {1964} Ettl (Alex J.) Robert I. Aitken, Eighth President. National Sculpture Review
(Winter 1964-65).
N16 {1967} Taxay, p 24-32 (Panama-Pacific Expo), 52-58 (Missouri Centennial), 172-174
(California-Pacific Expo).
A13 {1968} Proske, 142-144, (biblio) 518.
A15 {1971} Vermeule, p 136-190.
S34 {1972} Johnson (Medals of ANS) 38.
M42 {1987} Baxter 113 p 39.
O12 {1988} Breen 7439-7440, p 585; 7450-7451 588; 7516-7517 596.
MA1 {1988} Stahl (Alan M., editor) The Medal in America. ∙ Joseph Veach Noble
"The Society of Medalists" & Circle of Friends of Medallion, pp 223-247.
N30 {1991} Bowers. Commemorative Coins, p 691-692 (bio).
N31 {1992} Smith. American Numismatic Biographies, p 13.
A42 {1993} Reynolds, 34-37, 233.
N36 {2002} Bowers, p 369-378 (Panama-Pacific $50 gold).
N37 {2005} Burdette. Renaissance of American Coinage, p 2, passim; 3:48, 195-197, 235
M57 {2007} Jaeger (Katherine) and Bowers (Q. David) 100 Greatest American Medals and Tokens.
1915 Pan-Pacific Exposition Medal listed as #79, p 90.
N39 {2008} Moran (Michael F.) Striking Change; The Great Artistic Collaboration of Theodore Roosevelt
and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, p 353.
M59 {2008} Hoffman (et al) So-Called Dollars, 2nd edition, p 74-75.
M62 {2008} Swoger, National Commemorative Medals, 21, p 70-73.
M68 {2012} Alexander (David Thompson) American Art Medals, 1909-1995;
The Circle of Friends of Medallion and the Society of Medalists, p 76-77.
P3 {2012} Alexander (David Thompson) The Medals of Robert I. Aitken,
ANS Medal Shows Marshal Foch Coin World 53:2726 (9 July 2012) p 56.
P2 {2012} Shevlin (Jeff) and Hyder (William D.) Crative Marketing, Farran Zerbe;
The Mint & The 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition Medal The Numismatist
125:8 (August 2012) p 34-40, illus, (color photo 8 medal finishes, p 38)