Fraser, James Earle

FRASER, James Earle (1876-1953) sculptor, medalist.
Born Winona, Minnesota, 4 November 1876.

His bust of Theodore Roosevelt as vice president in
United States Capitol.

Exhibited a case of medals at the National Academy
of Design at New York Winter Show (1910) item 89.

Member United States Commission of Fine Arts 1920-1925;
actively involved in commemorative coin designes for Maine
(by de Francisci), Alabama (by his wife, Laura Gardin), Pilgrim
(by Dallin), Missouri (by R.I. Aitken), Grant (by his wife),
Monroe Doctrine (by Chester Beach), Huguenot-Walloon (by
George Morgan), Stone Mountain (by Gutzon Borglum), and
Lexington-Concord (by D.C. French). After he left the
Commission he and his wife jointly created the 1926 Oregon-Trail
Commemorative half dollar.

Fellow: National Sculpture Society.
Awarded: J. Sanford Saltus Medal for Medallic Art by American
Numismatic Society, 1919. Recipient of American Academy of
Arts and Letters Gold Medal for Sculpture, 1951.

Died Westport, Connecticut, 11 October 1953.

Signed coin models with single F; medal models with
JEF monogram; combined monogram with wife for
Oregon Trail. Because of their similarity John Flanagan’s JF
monogram is often confused with that of James Earle Fraser.

C   O   I   N   S

1893 Bearded Male United States Dime Model (unaccepted) .
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . 0000.999.4854
1911 Lincoln (Abraham) Five Cent (unaccepted model). .
            Illustrated: N41{2009} Reed. Lincoln, The Image, p 185, 217
1913 Indian-Bison (Buffalo) Nickel. . . . . . Breen 2584-2656,
         Collette 1–2, Baxter 194
1924 Huguenot-Walloon Commem Half Dollar (Fraser
            assisted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breen 7459
1926 Oregon Trail Commem Half Dollar (obv by Laura Fraser,
rev by James Fraser) . . . . . . . . . . Breen 7468-7481
1932 Washignton Coin Model (unaccepted) . . . . Baker Model 2
1952 Lincoln Coin Model (unaccepted). . . . . . . Collette 76
2001 American Buffalo Commem Silver Dollar (original 1913
            design by James Fraser, modified by T. James Ferrell;
            rev modeled by Donna Weaver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KM 325
Illustrated: O16 {2010} Jordan, Modern Commems, p . 249

B   U   L   I   O   N   C   O   I   N   S

2006 American Buffalo Gold Bullion Coin (Fraser’s 1913
            nickel design modified by adding lettering;
            struck by U.S. Mints) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D E C O R A T I O N S

1900ca New York Spanish, Philippine, China Campaign Medal
(struck by Dieges & Clust) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auctions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 78:1411
1915 New York State Soldiers and Sailors Medal. . MAco 1915-020,
                                                      Baxter 255
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 1915.183.3
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . 189
1918 World War I Victory Medal. . . . . . . . , , , ,HK 901, HK 902,
              Collette 71, Baxter 329, Reed 1920a
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . .J&J 8:916, J&J 9:902, J&J 9:1519,
   J&J 17:660, J&J 19:535, J&J 21:1164, J&J 22:407,
   J&J 23:551, J&J 25:1135; PCA 61:846, PCA 72:618
PCA 78:1417[group3]
Illustrated: The Numismatist 33:8 (August 1920) pp 352-3
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . 192
Illustrated: M59 {2008} Hoffman (et al), So-Called Dol p 172

1919 United States Navy Distinguished Service
Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1961-106, Baxter 323, Collette 72
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J&J 17:663; PCA 78:1416
Illustrated: National Sculpture Soc AE8 {1923} p . . 286
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . 195
1919 United States Navy Distinguished Service Medal
(prototype struck by Whitehead & Hoag) . . . . . . .
Collection: American Numismatic Society . 0000.999.48705
Illustrated: The Numismatist 33:9 (September 1920) p 395

E M B L E M S

1919 Gryphon Pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1919-013

C A S T R E L I E F S

n.d. Albright (Mr and Mrs) Cast Plaque. . . . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: National Sculpture Soc AE8 {1923} p . . 287
n.d. Cole (Mister) Cast Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
n.d. Ericson (David Barnard) Cast Plaque. . . . . . . . . .
Collection: American Numismatic Society. 0000.999.48523
n.d. Fisher (Mister) Cast Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
n.d. Quimby (A.) Cast Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
n.d. Rasmus (Stephany) Cast Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . .
n.d. Schoelkopf (Henry) Cast Plaque . . . . . . . . . . . .
1903 Brewster Baby Cast Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 0000.999.8
1914ca Harriman (Edward Henry) Memorial Plaque . . . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PCA 73:609
1914 Whitney (Flora and Sonny-Boy) Plaquette. . . Baxter 229
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 43:440, PCA 84:426
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 0000.999.15
Exhibited: Art Institue of Chicago AE2 (1916) no. . 523
Illustrated: NSS Exhibition Catalog AE8 {1923} page. 355

1920 Roosevelt (Theodore) Plaque [inscription below portrait has
not been attributed to Roosevelt, perhaps originated by
artist Fraser]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collette 31, Baxter 238
Auctions:. . . . . BMP 2:5610; CAL 32:1945, CAL 33:1670,
   J&J 7:463-464, J&J 14:493, J&J 17:811, J&J 20:251,
   J&J 25:397, J&J 26:640; PCA 46:175, PCA 48:377,
   PCA 50:196, PCA 57:287, PCA 58:298, PCA 72:441,
   PCA 75:237, PCA 78:592, PCA 78:493[reduction],
   PCA 81:326, PCA 82:211, PCA 84:252
Auction: Rago Art & Auction (12 May 2012) [1/6] lot .176
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, page 309
1920 World War I Memorial Plaque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collette 51
1926ca Oregon Trail Memorial Plaue (also known as the
Long, Long Trail Cast Plaque; signed by both James
Earle and Laura Gardin Fraser). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auction: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 81:555

G A L V A N O     C A S T S

n.d. Sculpture Plaque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Baxter 230
n.d. Seated Nude Holding a Light Bulb Plaque. . . . . . Baxter 232
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 0000.999.6
1910ca Chicken Relief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collette 75
1911 Lincoln (Abraham) Five-Cent Electrotrial (coin models
unaccepted by U.S. Mint). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: N41{2009} Reed. Lincoln, The Image, p 185
Illustrated: N39 {2008} Moran, Striking Change, p 367

1920 Roosevelt (Theodore) Portrait Shell (from Roosevelt
Memorial Association Medal, cast by Medallic Art
Company, MAco 1920-020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAL 31:127
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . 163

M E D A L S E R I E S

Society of Medalists:

1952 Society of Medalists 45th Issue. . . . . . . MAco 1930-001-045,
                  Reed 5220, Feundlich 181
Auctions:. . . . CAL 30:45, CAL 31:128-129, CAL 33:3045,
   CAL 35:2045, CAL 35:2005S; J&J 9:384, J&J 11:1049;
   PCA 42:1098, PCA 55:1608, PCA 58:502, PCA 60:411,
   PCA 66:496, PCA 68:644, PCA 72:620, PCA 74:617,
   PCA 74:618[set/5 silver], PCA 75:460, PCA 75:494[silver],
   PCA 78:508, PCA 80:1618
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] 1952.109.1
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 53.12.1
Exhibited: AF6 {1955} F.I.D.E.M. Stockholm (1955). . . 18
Exhibited: AF7 {1957} F.I.D.E.M. Paris (1957). . . . . . .195
Exhibited: AM13 {2002} AMSA Exhib Old Lyme Academy
Illustrated: P21 The Art Medalist 2:2 (April 1976) p . . . . . .2
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . . . 198
Illustrated: M68 {2012} Alexander. Am Art Medals, p . .134

M   E   D   A   L   S

1901 Pan American Exposition Special Medal of Honor [obv
portrait Augustus Saint-Gaudens] . . . . . . . . . . . . Baxter 107
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . J&J 14:558, J&J 25:261, J&J 27:813;
   NAS 22:4103; PCA 73:496, PCA 81:437
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 0000.999.21
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . . . . . 09.114
Collection: Newark Museum New Jersey . . . . . . . 11.472A
Collection: Smithsonian National Numismatic. . . . . 666:12
Illustrated: The Century Magazine 75 (1908) page . . . 713
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art p. . .127
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . . 186
            Illustrated: A49 {2009} Tolles. Saint-Gaudens Exhib . .p 77
1909 American Institute of Electrical Engineers Thomas
Alva Edison Medal. . . . . . . . . Baxter 231, MAco 1909-006
Auctions:. . . . . . CAL 29:413; PCA 47:412, PCA 50:452,
   PCA 69:427, PCA 75:401
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 1940.100.2
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . 164

1914 American Museum of Public Safety Edward H. Harriman
Memorial Medal (dates/issue: 1914-date) [first struck
by Tiffany, later by Medallic Art Co]. . . . MAco 1914-012,
         Baxter 233, Fruendlich 34, Storer 6626
Auctions:. . . . .   . J&J 13:764; PCA 47:416, PCA 45:1814,
   PCA 50:463, PCA 52:432, PCA 53:1596, PCA 58:465,
   PCA 60:1582, PCA 63:417, PCA 67:400,
   PCA 70:709-710, PCA 72:615[obv only],
   PCA 73:663, PCA 78:482-483, PCA 78:548,
   PCA 78:1413-1414[miniature], PCA 78:1415[group5],
   PCA 80:422, PCA 81;1853, PCA 81:1855
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . 1933.96.5
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . 161
Illustrated: The Numismatist 27:5 (May 1914) p . . . 250
Illustrated: NSS Exhibition Catalog AE8 {1923} page. 355
Sale pricelist: PCA 7:7 (21 October 2011) unc. . . . . . $295
1915 American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold
Medal. . . . . . . . MAco 1915-003, Collette 73, Baxter 234
Collection: American Numismatic Soc [>1] . 1940.160.1626
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, 190-191
Illustrated: Jaeger M61 {2008} U.S. Tokens, Medals, p 236
1915 New York State Soldiers and Sailors Medal. . MAco 1915-020,
   Baxter 255

1917 Yale Uniersity Henry Elias Howland Memorial
Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1917-018
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 66:442, PCA 78:485
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . 1940.100.2162
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art . . . . . 17.41.1

1918 Williams College War Service Medal . . . . . MAco 1918-004,
       Planch X89, Baxter 320, Storer 1775
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . .J&J 19:915, J&J 21:320, J&J 25:289,
   J&J 26:549; PCA 42:688, PCA 44:1263, PCA 51:364,
   PCA 63:883, PCA 66:444, PCA 69:1124, PCA 72:325,
   PCA 72:616-617, PCA 73:672, PCA 78:486, PCA 81:811
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . 165
Illustrated: The Numismatist 32:11 (Nov 1919) page . 448
Illustrated: National Sculpture Soc AE8 {1923} p . . 286
Sale pricelist: PCA 9:6 (4 November 2011) AU . . . . . $275
1919 American Committee for the Devastated Regions of
France Cast Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: National Sculpture Soc AE8 {1923} page 287

1920 American Institute of Graphic Arts Special Medal
of Honor . . . . . . Collette 74, Baxter 236, MAco 1920-001
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PCA 73:676, PCA 78:495
Collection: American Numismatic Soc [>1] . 1940.100.1609

1920 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Society
Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1920-015
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 80:442, PCA 78:494

1920 Roosevelt (Theodore) Memorial Association Founders
Medal . . . . . . . . . . . Baxter 237, Fuld 1920-1, MAco 1920-020
Auctions:. . . . .. J&J 22:1010; CAL 31:130; NAS 72:480A,
   NAS 72:1084; PCA 47:1823, PCA 48:378, PCA 50:472,
   PCA 61:1151, PCA 71:1024, PCA 72:1532[obv shell],
   PCA 72:1533, PCA 78:1418[group4], PCA 80:248
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] 1921.166.1
Collection: Cornell Univ Johnson Art Gallery . . . . . . . .162
Illustrated: The Numismatist 39:9 (September 1926) p 482
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art p. . 111

1923 Roosevelt (Theodore) Association Medal of Honor. . . . . . MAco 1923-002
1925 Norse American Centennial Medal (struck by
U.S. Mint) . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Rulau V30, V31, Freundlich 91
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . .J&J 12:712, J&J 23:889; PCA 45:285,
PCA 52:1440-1441, PCA 72:1828-1829, PCA 75:433,
PCA 78:503
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . 1925.120.1
Illustrated: MA1 {1988} Stahl, Medal In America, p . . 194
1927 Melville (George Wallace) Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1927-014
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PCA 65:513, PCA 78:503

1929 Oregon Trail Medal (with wife Laura Gardin
Fraser, only medallic collaboration). . . . . . . . . MAco 1929-039
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PCA 72:619

1930 National Geographic Society Richard E. Byrd Special
Medal of Honor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAco 1930-055
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAL 29:468

1931 Roosevelt Memorial Association Founders Medal . . . MAco 1931-020

R E P L I C A S & R E I S S U E S

1941 Roosevelt (Theodore) Plaque (signed Maslo; in direct
imitation of Fraser's 1920 Plaque) . . . . . . . . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 70:274

1956 Edison (Thomas Alva) Medal (miniature) . . . . . MAco 1956-069-001

1956 Edison (Thomas Alva) Medal (miniature) . . . . . MAco 1956-069-002
1958 Roosevelt (Theodore) Plaquette (McKeldin Mayor
reverse) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..MAco 1958-104, Reed 5820
Auction:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 72:622, PCA 80:247

1968 Roosevelt (Theodore) Gun Stock Medal (mounted on
gun stock of Colt Winchester 94 rifle) . . . . . .MAco 1968-167
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PCA 72:1830, PCA 78:1430[pair]
1977 Pony Express Rider Paperweight [obverse of SoM 1930-001-045
struck as paperweight] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auctions:. . . . . . CAL 30:111, CAL 35:2117; PCA 63:1959,
   PCA 78:1431
Illustrated: M68 {2012} Alexander. Am Art Medals, p . 288
1993 Society of Medalists Designers of American Coinage
Restrike (in silver, by Robert Hoff, with poor patina). . . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   PCA 81:594
1994 Chicago Coin Club 75th Anniversary Plaquette (obv model
of James Earle Fraser; struck by Premier Metal Works)
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . .PCA 59:78, PCA 72:623-624[pair],,
   PCA 78:512-513, PCA 78:1432
1999 Chicago Coin Club 80th Anniversary Plaquette (obv model
of Fraser’s sculpture The Pioneers; struck by Premier
Metal Works, Chicago) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . .   PCA 72;1831-1832, PCA 78:1433

S C U L P T U R E

1918 Man Sitting at Tiller Relief (cast by Gorham) . . . . . . . . .

Fraser shown on following medal:

1968 National Commemorative Society Chief John
Big Tree Medal [shows James Earle Fraser with
Big Tree as model for Buffalo nickel] . FM NCS-43
Collection: American Numismatic Society 1968.117.1

A R C H   I V E S

AAA Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 2 microfilm reels: 2548-2549.
GA Gorham Company Archives.

C O L L E C T I O N S

C4 {1912} Comparette 12, p 666.
C8 {1965} Gardner 09.114, 17.41.1, 53.12.1, p 127-128.
C14 {1996} Marqusee 161-165, p 32-33, (biography) 91.

B I O G R A P H I C A L R E F E R E N C E S

Px {1905} Anon. Some Recent Work in Sculpture. International Studio. Supp 26
(August 1905) pp 49-54, illus. Four illustrations of Fraser's work, three of Adolph
Weinman, brief Biographies of both.
D8 {1926} Fielding, p 127, 466.
BA {1937} Who's Who In American Art:
1937 [1ed:153-154], 1939 [2ed:188],
1941 [3ed:229], 1947 [4ed:177],
1953 [5ed:144].
BE {1943} Webster's Biographical Dictionary, p 552.
BDAB{1946} Dictionary of American Biography, x:x pp 231-232 by N. Orwin Rush.
P30 {1953} New York Times (12 October) 27:3 (obituary).
B3 {1960} Who Was Who, p 299.
BF1 {1985} Falk, p 213.
D35 {1985} Tarrant, p 31-32.
D33 {1986} Opitz, p 296.
AE1 {1988} Falk, 2:202, 3:191.
BANB{1999} American National Biography, p 8:410-411, by Michael W. Panhorst.
BF2 {1999} Falk. Who Was Who in American Art, p 1:1181-1182.
AE2 {1990} Art Institute of Chicago, p 335-336.
AE5 {1990} National Academy of Design, p 208-209.

N U M I S M A T I C   R E F E R E N C E S

E3 {1902-30} Forrer 7:319-321, 8:348.
P2 {1914} The Numismatist 27:5 (May 1914) p 250.
D5 {1915} Earle, p 119-120.
P2 {1920} Anon. America's Victory Medal. The Numismatist 33:8 (August 1920) pp 352-353, illus.
Px {1920} Anon. U.S.A. Victory Medal, James Earle Fraser. American Magazine of Art
II: (February 1920) p 146-147.
H13a {1920} Eberle (Louise) The Fraser Bust of Roosevelt. Scribner's Magazine 68:10
            (October 1920) pp 427-433, illus.
P2 {1920} Merritt (Ferries Powell) Distinguished Service Honors, U.S. Navy. The

Numismatist 33: (Septemper 1920) p 394-395, portrait 395.
AE8 {1923} NSS Exhibit Catalog, pp 63, 355.
AE {1923} NSS Exhibit.
M10 {1923} Storer (Massachusetts) 1775, p 230.
A2 {1927} Fairman, p 338, 344.
E6   {1927} Trees (Clyde Curlee) Medallic Art in Commerce, Civics, Philanthropy,
Letters and Science. New York: Medallic Art Company (1927) 39 pages.
AE6 {1929} NSS Exhibit Catalog, p 105-108.
M14 {1931} Storer (medical) 6626, p 882 (misattributes the JF signature to John Flanagan).
R6 {1950ca}Weil. Unpublished manuscript. (Medallic Art makes many reductions and galvanos
of U.S. Buffalo nickel models, called electrotrials.)
E8A {1951} Kenney Manuscript File.
P30 {1951} Louchheim (Aline B.) Most Famous Unknown Sculptor. New York
            Times 100: (13 May 1951) pp 24-25, 65-67.
P20 {1952} Society of Medalists 45th Issue. National Sculpture Review 1:3 (June 1952) p 18.
P2 {1952} Society of Medalists 45th Issue by James E. Fraser The Numismatist 65:8
(August 1952) p 799-801, illus.
AF6 {1955} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 6th Congress Stockholm (1955) 18, p 19.
AF7 {1957} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 7th Congress Paris (1957) 195, p 21.
N10 {1958} Adelson, p 157, 214.
S18 {1964) Kerrigan p 16, 88.
N16 {1967} Taxay, passim.
A12 {1968} Craven, p 492-494, (biblio) 736.
A13 {1968} Proske, p 113-117, (biblio) 526.
A15 {1971} Vermeule, passim.
H13b{1973} Krakel, p 169-173.
A17 {1974} Broder
N21 {1974} Clain-Stefanelli, p 170.
A18 {1974} Goode, passim.
P21 {1975} Society of Medalists #45. The Art Medalist 2:2 (April 1976) p 3.
D29 {1976} Samuels, p 175-176.
AEW {1976} Whitney Museum of Art (bio) p 272-273.
E17 {1983} Pessolano-Filos, p 39-40.
H13c{1985} Collette and Lantzy, James Earle Fraser, The American Heritage of
Sculpture, From His Estate at the Syracuse University Art Collection – January 12
to April 21, 1985. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Thomas Gilcrease Institute of History and
Art (1985) 71-76, p [65].
M42 {1987} Baxter 107, p 38; 194 53; 229-238 59-61; 320 76; 323 77; 329 78.
O12 {1988} Breen 2584-2656, p 256-258; 7459 590; 7468-7481 592.
MA1 {1988} Stahl (Alan M. editor) The Medal In America:
∙ August L. Freundlich "The Coins and Medals of James Earle Fraser," pp 183-199.
∙ Joseph Veach Noble "The Society of Medalists"
& Circle of Friends of Medallion, pp 223-247.
N30 {1991} Bowers. Commemorative Coins, p 704-706 (bio).
N31 {1992} Smith. American Numismatic Biographies, p 91.
A42 {1993} Reynolds, passim.
A44 {1996} Salmon, American Masters, p 28.
P3   {2001} Reed (Fred) Artistic Violation James Earle; Fraser Researcher Believes
Reuse of Designs of Indian Head 5c Betrays Them. Coin World 42:2165 (8
October 2001) p 1, 16, 18, 24.
P2   {2001} Kuhl (Jason F.) The Portrayal of Native Americans on U.S. Coinage. The

Numismatist 114:2 (February 2001) p 150-155 (includes Fraser's Buffalo nickel).
N36 {2002} Bowers, More Adventures, p 20.
P3   {2002} Reed (Fred) Sculpturing TR; Fraser's Career Inextricably Linked To Roosevelt's.
Coin World 43:2206 (22 July 2002) p 1, 64, 66; Serving In The Front Ranks; Fraser's
Roosevelt Sculptures Help Establish Artist as Among the Best of the 20th Century. Coin
World 43:2208 (5 August 2002) p 28, 30-32.
N37 {2005} Burdette. Renaissance of American Coinage, all 3 vols, passim.
D3a {2006} Benezit.Dictionary of Artists, p 5:1041.
M59 {2008} Hoffman (et al) So-Called Dollars, 2nd edition, p 172.
M61 {2008} Jaeger (Katherine) Guide Book of United States Tokens and Medals, p 236.
N39 {2008} Moran (Michael F.) Striking Change; The Great Artistic Collaboration of
Theodore Roosevelt and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, p 346, 350-352, 358-359, 367.
Color plate 30 illusrates a relief portrait of Augustus Saint-Gaudens but mistakently
attributes this to Fraser instead of John Flanagan because of the JF monogram signature.
N41 {2009} Reed (Fred). Abraham Lincoln, The Image of His Greatness, p 15, 124,
            184-185, 203-205, 216-217, 232-233, 248.
O16 {2010} Jordan (Eric) Modern Commemorative Coins … Featuring U.S. Coins from
1982 to Date. Iola, WI: Krause Publications (2010) p 249.
M68 {2012} Alexander (David Thompson) American Art Medals, 1909-1995; The
Circle of Friends of Medallion and the Society of Medalists, p 134-135, 288.
            Illustrated: AF 33{2014} FIDEM Exhib Cat, Sofia . . p 266

N U M I S M A T I C   R E F E R E N C E S

AF33{2014} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog, Sofia 2014.. . .p ,266