FOWLER, Philip E. (1926-2000) sculptor, medalist, engraver U.S. Mint.
Born New York City, 2 March 1926.
Sculptor-engraver U.S. Mint, 1962-197x.
Member: National Sculpture Society.
Died San Diego, California, 13 June 2000.
C O I N S
1965 Washington (Martha) Experimental Coin (obv and Martha
Washington portrait by Edward Grove, rev by Fowler;
struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: Coin World 44:2244 (14 April 2003) pp 3, 66
R E L I E F S
1966ca Hanes (James) Relief. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: AE8 {1967} NSS 34th Exhibition, (no illus) 79
1967 Chien Dobermann Pinscher Relief. . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: F.I.D.E.M. 12th Congress, Paris (1967). . 287
1971 Christ (Head of) Medal Relief. . . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: AE8 {1972} NSS 39th Exhibition cat, illus 83
M E D A L S E R I E S
United States Assay Commisssion Medals:
1966 Assay Medal (obv Henry Fowler port by Frank Gasparro,
rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Julian AC-110
Auctions:. . . . . . BMP 2:5097; PCA 49:388, PCA 61:278,
PCA 59:1879, PCA 67:292, PCA 74:532[framed pair]
Exhibited: F.I.D.E.M. 12th Congress, Paris (1967). . 285
Exhibited: AE8 {1969} NSS 36th Exhibition cat, illus 71
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art p. . 220
1969 Assay Medal (obv Richard Nixon port by Frank Gasparro,
rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Julian AC-113
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . BMP 2:5100; PCA 64:586
1977 Assay Medal (obv Martha Washington port by Fowler and
Edward Grove, rev by Frank Gasparro) . . . .Julian AC-121,
Orosz & Augusburger AO-262b, Baker D-348
Auctions:. . . . .BMP 2:5108; CAL 29:1112; J&J 8:223-224,
PCA 45:1740, PCA 50:1374, PCA 51:1002, PCA 54:1799,
PCA 59:1879, PCA 61:1287, PCA 63:1584, PCA 64:1985,
PCA 72:1720, PCA 80:1528, PCA 81:1753
Illustrated: N43 {2011} Orosz & Augsburger. . . . . . . .p 273
Secretaries of Treasury Medals:
1969 Kennedy (David M.) Medal (obv by Gasparro, rev by
Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 223
1979 Miller (G. William) Medal (obv by ?,
rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 228
Exhibited: AE8 {1981} NSS 48th Exhibition cat, illus 104
United States Mint Director Medals:
1969 Brooks (Mary) Medal (obv by Frank Gasparro, rev by
Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 320
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 71:472
Exhibited: AE8 {1973} NSS 40th Exhibition cat, illus 74
Chief Justice Medal Series:
1975 Jay (John) First Chief Justice of Surpreme Court
Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 901
Exhibited: AE8 {1977} NSS 44th Exhibition cat, illus 92
Liberty National Shrines Medal Series:
(Large dies made and bronze medals struck by Medallic
Art Co; small dies made bronze and silver medals struck
by U.S. Mint, Philadelphia, all from same patterns; Statue
of Liberty obverse common to all four medals):
Born New York City, 2 March 1926.
Sculptor-engraver U.S. Mint, 1962-197x.
Member: National Sculpture Society.
Died San Diego, California, 13 June 2000.
C O I N S
1965 Washington (Martha) Experimental Coin (obv and Martha
Washington portrait by Edward Grove, rev by Fowler;
struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illustrated: Coin World 44:2244 (14 April 2003) pp 3, 66
R E L I E F S
1966ca Hanes (James) Relief. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: AE8 {1967} NSS 34th Exhibition, (no illus) 79
1967 Chien Dobermann Pinscher Relief. . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: F.I.D.E.M. 12th Congress, Paris (1967). . 287
1971 Christ (Head of) Medal Relief. . . . . . . . . . . .
Exhibited: AE8 {1972} NSS 39th Exhibition cat, illus 83
M E D A L S E R I E S
United States Assay Commisssion Medals:
1966 Assay Medal (obv Henry Fowler port by Frank Gasparro,
rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Julian AC-110
Auctions:. . . . . . BMP 2:5097; PCA 49:388, PCA 61:278,
PCA 59:1879, PCA 67:292, PCA 74:532[framed pair]
Exhibited: F.I.D.E.M. 12th Congress, Paris (1967). . 285
Exhibited: AE8 {1969} NSS 36th Exhibition cat, illus 71
Illustrated: Vermeule A15 {1971} Numismatic Art p. . 220
1969 Assay Medal (obv Richard Nixon port by Frank Gasparro,
rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Julian AC-113
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . BMP 2:5100; PCA 64:586
1977 Assay Medal (obv Martha Washington port by Fowler and
Edward Grove, rev by Frank Gasparro) . . . .Julian AC-121,
Orosz & Augusburger AO-262b, Baker D-348
Auctions:. . . . .BMP 2:5108; CAL 29:1112; J&J 8:223-224,
PCA 45:1740, PCA 50:1374, PCA 51:1002, PCA 54:1799,
PCA 59:1879, PCA 61:1287, PCA 63:1584, PCA 64:1985,
PCA 72:1720, PCA 80:1528, PCA 81:1753
Illustrated: N43 {2011} Orosz & Augsburger. . . . . . . .p 273
Secretaries of Treasury Medals:
1969 Kennedy (David M.) Medal (obv by Gasparro, rev by
Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 223
1979 Miller (G. William) Medal (obv by ?,
rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 228
Exhibited: AE8 {1981} NSS 48th Exhibition cat, illus 104
United States Mint Director Medals:
1969 Brooks (Mary) Medal (obv by Frank Gasparro, rev by
Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 320
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCA 71:472
Exhibited: AE8 {1973} NSS 40th Exhibition cat, illus 74
Chief Justice Medal Series:
1975 Jay (John) First Chief Justice of Surpreme Court
Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 901
Exhibited: AE8 {1977} NSS 44th Exhibition cat, illus 92
Liberty National Shrines Medal Series:
(Large dies made and bronze medals struck by Medallic
Art Co; small dies made bronze and silver medals struck
by U.S. Mint, Philadelphia, all from same patterns; Statue
of Liberty obverse common to all four medals):
1965 Castle Clinton Medal (obv by Gasparro; rev by
Philip Fowler) . . . . . . . .Gabriel G7-15, MAco 1965-024-003,
Turner 15, Dean D1965-3, Swoger 201-III
Auctions:. . . . . . J&J 7:147, J&J 14:449, J&J 16:1023,
J&J 24:372 [group+2]; PCA 58:1749
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 22
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 193, 196
American Arts Series (Gold Bullion Medals):
1983 Frost (Robert) Half Ounce Medal (obv by Fowler, rev
by Matthew Peloso; struck by U.S. Mint). . . . . . .
Illustrated: M45 {2012}Mercanti Am Silver Eagles, p . .119
United States Treasury Building Medals:
1969 United States Mint Philadelphia Building Dedication Medal
(obv by Steever, rev by P. Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . .List 701,
Orosz & Augsburger AO-244
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAL 28:891, CAL 33:1223
Illustrated: N43 {2011} Orosz & Augsburger, . . . . . . p 270
1969 United States Mint Philadelphia Building Dedication Medal
(obv by Steever, rev by P. Fowler; 3-inch size) . . . List 702
Auctions:. . . . . . . . BMP 2:5947; PCA 56:347, PCA 64:629
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] . 1970.46.1
Illustrated: AF13 (1969) F.I.D.E.M. Catalog 827, p . . . . 57
197? United States Denver Mint Building Medal (obv by
Edgar Z. Steever, rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .List 703
197? United States San Francisco Assay Office Medal. . . . List 704
197? United States Bullion Depository West Point Medal. .List 709
United States Treasury Customhouse Medals:
(Obverse building by different artists; stock reverse
Treasury seal by Philip Fowler on all medals):
1973 Georgetown Customhouse Medal (obv by Michael
Ioccca; rev by Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 770
1973 Boston Customhouse Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 771
1973 San Francisco Customhouse Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 772
1974 Wheeling West Virginia Customhouse Medal (both
sides by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 773
1974 Savannah Georgia Customhouse Medal (obv by Sherl
J. Winter; rev by Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 770
1981 New Orleans Louisiana Customhouse Medal (obv
by Winter, rev by Philip Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 77x
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . . 1981.151.1
National Commemorative Society:
1965 Washington Crossing the Delaware Medal . . . . FM NCS-14
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 1965.134.1
M E D A L S
1962 Rayburn (Sam) Congressional Medal (obv by Frank
Gasparro, rev by Fowler; struck U.S. Mint). . List 656
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . 0000.999.3248
Exhibited: F.I.D.E.M. 12th Congress, Paris (1967). . 286
1964 First Union Health Center 50th Anniversary Medal
(delineated by Leon Stein, designed by Frank Gasparro,
obv signed FG and ES, modeled Edward Steever –
Swoger says by Edward Grove -- rev modeled by
Fowler). . .Turner A12, Dean D1964-2, Swoger 403
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. PCA 58:1746
Illustrated: M60 {2008} Dean, Nat Comm Medals p18
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 253
1964 Saint Louis Bicentennial Medal (both sides by Fowler;
struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . Turner 12, Dean D1964-3, Swoger 38
Auctions:. . . . . . . . .CAL 29:1099; PCA 58:1743, PCA 81:1804
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 19
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 129
1967 Alaska Purchase Medal (designed by Joan Kickbush, obv by
Edgar Zell Steever, rev by Phillip Fowler – Swoger says Gasparro
– struck by U.S. Mint). . Turner 19, Dean D1967-3, Swoger 40
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 27
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 135
Philip Fowler) . . . . . . . .Gabriel G7-15, MAco 1965-024-003,
Turner 15, Dean D1965-3, Swoger 201-III
Auctions:. . . . . . J&J 7:147, J&J 14:449, J&J 16:1023,
J&J 24:372 [group+2]; PCA 58:1749
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 22
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 193, 196
American Arts Series (Gold Bullion Medals):
1983 Frost (Robert) Half Ounce Medal (obv by Fowler, rev
by Matthew Peloso; struck by U.S. Mint). . . . . . .
Illustrated: M45 {2012}Mercanti Am Silver Eagles, p . .119
United States Treasury Building Medals:
1969 United States Mint Philadelphia Building Dedication Medal
(obv by Steever, rev by P. Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . .List 701,
Orosz & Augsburger AO-244
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAL 28:891, CAL 33:1223
Illustrated: N43 {2011} Orosz & Augsburger, . . . . . . p 270
1969 United States Mint Philadelphia Building Dedication Medal
(obv by Steever, rev by P. Fowler; 3-inch size) . . . List 702
Auctions:. . . . . . . . BMP 2:5947; PCA 56:347, PCA 64:629
Collection: American Numismatic Society [>1] . 1970.46.1
Illustrated: AF13 (1969) F.I.D.E.M. Catalog 827, p . . . . 57
197? United States Denver Mint Building Medal (obv by
Edgar Z. Steever, rev by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .List 703
197? United States San Francisco Assay Office Medal. . . . List 704
197? United States Bullion Depository West Point Medal. .List 709
United States Treasury Customhouse Medals:
(Obverse building by different artists; stock reverse
Treasury seal by Philip Fowler on all medals):
1973 Georgetown Customhouse Medal (obv by Michael
Ioccca; rev by Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 770
1973 Boston Customhouse Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 771
1973 San Francisco Customhouse Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 772
1974 Wheeling West Virginia Customhouse Medal (both
sides by Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 773
1974 Savannah Georgia Customhouse Medal (obv by Sherl
J. Winter; rev by Fowler). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 770
1981 New Orleans Louisiana Customhouse Medal (obv
by Winter, rev by Philip Fowler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List 77x
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . . . 1981.151.1
National Commemorative Society:
1965 Washington Crossing the Delaware Medal . . . . FM NCS-14
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . . 1965.134.1
M E D A L S
1962 Rayburn (Sam) Congressional Medal (obv by Frank
Gasparro, rev by Fowler; struck U.S. Mint). . List 656
Collection: American Numismatic Society. . 0000.999.3248
Exhibited: F.I.D.E.M. 12th Congress, Paris (1967). . 286
1964 First Union Health Center 50th Anniversary Medal
(delineated by Leon Stein, designed by Frank Gasparro,
obv signed FG and ES, modeled Edward Steever –
Swoger says by Edward Grove -- rev modeled by
Fowler). . .Turner A12, Dean D1964-2, Swoger 403
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. PCA 58:1746
Illustrated: M60 {2008} Dean, Nat Comm Medals p18
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 253
1964 Saint Louis Bicentennial Medal (both sides by Fowler;
struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . Turner 12, Dean D1964-3, Swoger 38
Auctions:. . . . . . . . .CAL 29:1099; PCA 58:1743, PCA 81:1804
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 19
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 129
1967 Alaska Purchase Medal (designed by Joan Kickbush, obv by
Edgar Zell Steever, rev by Phillip Fowler – Swoger says Gasparro
– struck by U.S. Mint). . Turner 19, Dean D1967-3, Swoger 40
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 27
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 135
1968 Walter Reed Institute of Nursing Medal. . . . MAco 1968-017
1969 Churchill Iron Curtain Speech at Westiminster College
Medal (also called Churchill Memorial Library
Dedication Medal; obv designed and signed by
Frank Gasparro; rev designed by Edgar Z. Steever;
both sides modeled by Fowler; struck by U.S.
Mint). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engstrom 86,
Turner 27, Dean D1969-5, Swoger 305
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . CAL 33:1239; J&J 10:1908
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 35
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 233
1969 Golden Spike Commemortive Medal (also called First
Transcontinental Rail Route 100th Anniv Medal; obv
designed by Fowler, rev designed by Edgar Zell
Steever; modeled by Frank Gasparro; struck by
U.S. Mint). . . . Turner 23, Dean D1969-2, Swoger 44
Auctions:. . . CAL 28:645, CAL 30:801; J&J 12:610,
J&J 16:2062, J&J 21:1677; PCA 54:1826,
PCA 58:1770, PCA 67:847
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 32
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 145
1970 Wichita Centennial Medal (designed by Donald Gist, obv
modeled by Frank Gasparro and Fowler; rev by Edgar
Steever; struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . . . . . . . .. . .Turner 28,
Dean D1970-1, Swoger 47
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . J&J 18:665; CAL 29:1106
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 37
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 153.
1970 American Fisheries Society Centennial Medal (obv by
Philip E. Fowler, rev by Steever; struck by U.S.
Mint). . . . . . . . . . . . Turner 32, Dean D1970-3, Swoger 405
Auctions:. . . . . CAL 30:803, CAL 32:2107; J&J 19:1270;
PCA 58:1781, PCA 65:1705
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 40
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 257
1970 United States Weather Service Centennial Medal (designed
by John Smiles; obv modeled by Edgar Zell Steever;
rev by Fowler; struck by U.S. Mint). . . . Swoger 205
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 206-207
1982 Beatrix (Queen of the Netherlands) Medal (obv by
Edgar Zell Steever and Philip Fowler; rev by John
Mercanti; struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . . . . . . . .
1988 First TransAtlantic Balloon Flight Medal (designed
by Robert Schulman, obv and rev modeled by Sherl
Joseph Winter and Fowler; struck by U.S.
Mint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N U M I S M A T I C R E F E R E N C E S
M25 {1965} U.S. Mint 701, p 279; 656 272-273.
AF12{1967} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 12th Congress. Paris (1967) 285-287, p 106.
S26 {1968} Turner A12, 12, 15, 19, 23, 28, 32.
AF13{1969} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 13th Congress. Prague (1969) 827, p 57.
S29 {1969} National Commemorative Society, p 132.
A15 {1971} Vermeule, p 220-221.
S33 {1972) Engstron 86, p 44.
S47 {1983} Gabriel G7-15, p 705.
E17 {1983} Pessolano-Filos, p 37-38.
AE1 {1988} Falk, 3:189.
S51 {1989} Julian and Keusch AC-110, p 77, AC-113 80, AC-121 87.
N30 {1991} Bowers. Commemorative Coins, p 704 (bio).
N31 {1992} Smith. American Numismatic Biographies, p 89.
BF2 {1999} Falk. Who Was Who in American Art, p 1:1169.
P3 {2003} Gilkes (Paul) Mint Will Not Confiscate Washington Test Strikes [Martha
Washington Experimental Coin]. Coin World 44:2244 (14 April 2003) pp 3, 66.
M60 {2008} Dean, National Commemorative Medals of U.S. Mint; D1964-2, p 18,
D1064-3, 19; D1965-3, 22; D1967-3, 27; D1969-2, 32; D1965-5, 35;
D1870-1, 37; D1970-3, 40.
M62 {2008} Swoger, National Commemorative Medals, 38, p 128-129; 40, 134-135;
44, 144-147; 47, 152-153; 205, 206-207; 305, 232-233; 403, 252-253;
405, 256-257.
N43 {2011} Orosz (Joel J.) and Augsburger (Leonard D.) The Secret History of the
First U.S. Mint, AO-262b, p 273.
1969 Churchill Iron Curtain Speech at Westiminster College
Medal (also called Churchill Memorial Library
Dedication Medal; obv designed and signed by
Frank Gasparro; rev designed by Edgar Z. Steever;
both sides modeled by Fowler; struck by U.S.
Mint). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engstrom 86,
Turner 27, Dean D1969-5, Swoger 305
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . CAL 33:1239; J&J 10:1908
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 35
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 233
1969 Golden Spike Commemortive Medal (also called First
Transcontinental Rail Route 100th Anniv Medal; obv
designed by Fowler, rev designed by Edgar Zell
Steever; modeled by Frank Gasparro; struck by
U.S. Mint). . . . Turner 23, Dean D1969-2, Swoger 44
Auctions:. . . CAL 28:645, CAL 30:801; J&J 12:610,
J&J 16:2062, J&J 21:1677; PCA 54:1826,
PCA 58:1770, PCA 67:847
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 32
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 145
1970 Wichita Centennial Medal (designed by Donald Gist, obv
modeled by Frank Gasparro and Fowler; rev by Edgar
Steever; struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . . . . . . . .. . .Turner 28,
Dean D1970-1, Swoger 47
Auctions:. . . . . . . . . . . . J&J 18:665; CAL 29:1106
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 37
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 153.
1970 American Fisheries Society Centennial Medal (obv by
Philip E. Fowler, rev by Steever; struck by U.S.
Mint). . . . . . . . . . . . Turner 32, Dean D1970-3, Swoger 405
Auctions:. . . . . CAL 30:803, CAL 32:2107; J&J 19:1270;
PCA 58:1781, PCA 65:1705
Illustrated: M60 {2008}Dean, National Comm Medals, p 40
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 257
1970 United States Weather Service Centennial Medal (designed
by John Smiles; obv modeled by Edgar Zell Steever;
rev by Fowler; struck by U.S. Mint). . . . Swoger 205
Illustrated: M62 {2008}Swoger, Nat Comm Medals p 206-207
1982 Beatrix (Queen of the Netherlands) Medal (obv by
Edgar Zell Steever and Philip Fowler; rev by John
Mercanti; struck by U.S. Mint) . . . . . . . . . . .
1988 First TransAtlantic Balloon Flight Medal (designed
by Robert Schulman, obv and rev modeled by Sherl
Joseph Winter and Fowler; struck by U.S.
Mint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N U M I S M A T I C R E F E R E N C E S
M25 {1965} U.S. Mint 701, p 279; 656 272-273.
AF12{1967} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 12th Congress. Paris (1967) 285-287, p 106.
S26 {1968} Turner A12, 12, 15, 19, 23, 28, 32.
AF13{1969} F.I.D.E.M. Exhibition Catalog 13th Congress. Prague (1969) 827, p 57.
S29 {1969} National Commemorative Society, p 132.
A15 {1971} Vermeule, p 220-221.
S33 {1972) Engstron 86, p 44.
S47 {1983} Gabriel G7-15, p 705.
E17 {1983} Pessolano-Filos, p 37-38.
AE1 {1988} Falk, 3:189.
S51 {1989} Julian and Keusch AC-110, p 77, AC-113 80, AC-121 87.
N30 {1991} Bowers. Commemorative Coins, p 704 (bio).
N31 {1992} Smith. American Numismatic Biographies, p 89.
BF2 {1999} Falk. Who Was Who in American Art, p 1:1169.
P3 {2003} Gilkes (Paul) Mint Will Not Confiscate Washington Test Strikes [Martha
Washington Experimental Coin]. Coin World 44:2244 (14 April 2003) pp 3, 66.
M60 {2008} Dean, National Commemorative Medals of U.S. Mint; D1964-2, p 18,
D1064-3, 19; D1965-3, 22; D1967-3, 27; D1969-2, 32; D1965-5, 35;
D1870-1, 37; D1970-3, 40.
M62 {2008} Swoger, National Commemorative Medals, 38, p 128-129; 40, 134-135;
44, 144-147; 47, 152-153; 205, 206-207; 305, 232-233; 403, 252-253;
405, 256-257.
N43 {2011} Orosz (Joel J.) and Augsburger (Leonard D.) The Secret History of the
First U.S. Mint, AO-262b, p 273.